#CEI 82 25 TERZA EDIZIONE PDF FILE PLUS#
#CEI 82 25 TERZA EDIZIONE PDF FILE SIMULATOR#

ĭespite the large number of clinical investigations, there is still a lack in literature regarding the accuracy, repeatability and other metrological characteristics of OEP systems: we found only two works that aim to assess the reliability, accuracy and precision of the OEP volume measurements, both in static and dynamic conditions. Since that milestone, OEP has been used to investigate respiratory pattern parameters, asynchronies inside chest wall, in respiratory rehabilitation, and to characterize different respiratory strategies and muscle diseases, such as COPD. introduced Opto-electronic Plethysmography (OEP) as result of technologic improvement of ELITE system. proposed a 89 markers protocol for lung volume measurements. improved the accuracy of breathing volume measurements by means of 86 markers (i.e., percentage measurement error ranges between 2% and 3.5%) and developed a biomechanical model separating the chest wall into 3 compartments: the upper rib cage, the lower rib cage and the abdomen. The lung volume was evaluated through the ELITE system and verified by spirometry test: a good correlation with spirometric measurements has been observed with a maximum percentage error of 21.3% in BTPS condition. Volume was estimated through a geometrical construction and a model based on 54 tetrahedrons. The first version of the developed system was composed of 4 cameras positioned in the workspace and 32 hemispherical passive markers placed along vertical and horizontal lines on the individual’s chest wall.

#CEI 82 25 TERZA EDIZIONE PDF FILE PLUS#

The first study aiming at calculating three-dimensional chest wall volume changes dates back to 1994, where authors developed the first motion analysis systems for assessing breathing mechanics, implementing an algorithm on the ELITE plus OR system. Analysis of general physical activities, gait analysis, posture and trunk movements, upper limbs movement, respiratory biomechanics. ĭifferently from the other technologies, they are based on the recording of the light reflected back by markers illuminated by light sources (typically IR) or directly collected by specific transducers to measure and study human complex movements for different clinical fields, e.g. In the last decade, a growing interest on opto-electronic systems has been established. 1. INTRODUCTION Motion analysis systems are used to measure human movements. The difference between the actual displacement and the set one is always. Results show that the CWS allows simulating respiratory frequency up to ~ 60 bpm. Two sets of experiments were carried out: (i) to investigate the CWS dynamic response using different target displacements (1 - 12 mm), and (ii) to assess the CWS accuracy and precision in simulating quite breathing, covering the physiological range of respiratory frequency and tidal volume.

#CEI 82 25 TERZA EDIZIONE PDF FILE SIMULATOR#

The design of the simulator is based on the chest wall kinematic analysis of three healthy subjects previously determined.

The aim of this work is to describe the performances of a custom made, bio-inspired, mechatronic chest wall simulator (CWS), specifically designed to assess the metrological performances of the OEP system. Opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP) is a particular motion analysis system able to: (i) determine chest wall kinematic via the evaluation of marker displacements placed on the thorax and (ii) compute respiratory volumes during breathing. Instrumented gait analysis based on optoelectronic systems is an expensive technique used to objectively measure the human movement features and it is generally considered as the gold standard.

Cei 82 25 terza edizione pdf file